woe unto you

קָבַלII (cmp. חבל) to feel oppressed; to cry; (cmp. צָוַח) to complain, bring charges. Yad. IV, 6 קוֹבְלִין אנו עליכם we cry out against you (we say, ‘woe unto you). Ib. 8 קוֹכֵל אני עליכם I accuse you. Gen. R. s. 96 (ref. to ויקרבו, Gen. 47:29, v. קָרַב) אמר (לו)הקב״ה היום קובל עליך לומר בי הוא יקום (not כי) the Lord said to him, the day brings suit against thee (summons thee before court) saying, with me (on this day) he shall stand (before the throne of justice); Tanḥ. Vayḥi 2; Yalk. Kings 168. Deut. R. s. 9 (ref. to Deut. 31:14 הן קרבו) היום קבל לפניהקב״הוכ׳ (some ed. קובל) the day cried out before the Lord saying, O Lord, I will not move, I will not set, and Moses shall live; Yalk. ib. 941 כאדם שאומר פלוני קובל … כך היום קובלוכ׳ (not קיבל) as one says, that man is bringing charges against thee …, so (the Lord said,) the day is summoning thee, but the sun said, I will not move Y.Peah I, 15c אמו של … וקָבְלָה עליו לרבותינווכ׳ R. Yishmaels mother … came and complained of him before our teachers, saying ; Y.Kidd.I, 61b; a. e. Hif. הִקְבִּיל same. Ab. dR. N. ch. XVI הִקְבִּילָהוכ׳ she complained to her mistress.

קָבַלII (cmp. חבל) to feel oppressed; to cry; (cmp. צָוַח) to complain, bring charges. Yad. IV, 6 קוֹבְלִין אנו עליכם we cry out against you (we say, ‘woe unto you). Ib. 8 קוֹכֵל אני עליכם I accuse you. Gen. R. s. 96 (ref. to ויקרבו, Gen. 47:29, v. קָרַב) אמר (לו)הקב״ה היום קובל עליך לומר בי הוא יקום (not כי) the Lord said to him, the day brings suit against thee (summons thee before court) saying, with me (on this day) he shall stand (before the throne of justice); Tanḥ. Vayḥi 2; Yalk. Kings 168. Deut. R. s. 9 (ref. to Deut. 31:14 הן קרבו) היום קבל לפניהקב״הוכ׳ (some ed. קובל) the day cried out before the Lord saying, O Lord, I will not move, I will not set, and Moses shall live; Yalk. ib. 941 כאדם שאומר פלוני קובל … כך היום קובלוכ׳ (not קיבל) as one says, that man is bringing charges against thee …, so (the Lord said,) the day is summoning thee, but the sun said, I will not move Y.Peah I, 15c אמו של … וקָבְלָה עליו לרבותינווכ׳ R. Yishmaels mother … came and complained of him before our teachers, saying ; Y.Kidd.I, 61b; a. e. Hif. הִקְבִּיל same. Ab. dR. N. ch. XVI הִקְבִּילָהוכ׳ she complained to her mistress.

טָעוּתf. (טָעָה) 1) error, mistake. B. Mets.15b; Keth.51a, a. fr. ט׳ סופר, v. אַחֲרָיוּת. Gen. R. s. 99, v. סוּתָה.B. Kam. 113b וטָעוּתוֹ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) and a gain through his (the gentiles) mistake; a. fr.Pl. טָעִיּוֹת Macc.12a. Men.29b; a. e. 2) (v. טָעוּ) idol. Sifré Num. 131 אוי לכם ולטָעוּתְכֶם woe is unto you and your idol; Y.Snh.X, 28d אין לכםוכ׳ (corr. acc.).

טָעוּתf. (טָעָה) 1) error, mistake. B. Mets.15b; Keth.51a, a. fr. ט׳ סופר, v. אַחֲרָיוּת. Gen. R. s. 99, v. סוּתָה.B. Kam. 113b וטָעוּתוֹ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) and a gain through his (the gentiles) mistake; a. fr.Pl. טָעִיּוֹת Macc.12a. Men.29b; a. e. 2) (v. טָעוּ) idol. Sifré Num. 131 אוי לכם ולטָעוּתְכֶם woe is unto you and your idol; Y.Snh.X, 28d אין לכםוכ׳ (corr. acc.).

שָׁקַל(b. h.; Shaf. of קל) 1) ( to swing, to weigh, balance. Gen. R. s. 4 הכנס ורחוץ ושְׁקוֹלוכ׳ go in and bathe, and weigh thyself before and after ; כיון שיצא וש׳וכ׳ when he came out and weighed himself, he had lost nothing. B. Bath. V, 11 היה שוֹקֵל לוֹ עין בעין if he gave him exact weight, v. עַיִן. Ib. 89a לא יאמר לו שקול … אלא שוקל ליטראוכ׳ he cannot say to him, weigh me three single fourths of a litra, but he weighs (puts in the balance) one litra, and puts one-fourth of a litra with the meat; a. fr.Trnsf. to weigh, consider, account. Koh. R. to XII, 14 עבד שרבו שוקלוכ׳ a slave to whom his master accounts errors as wilful offenses; Ḥag.5a. Ib. (ref. to Mal. 3:5) אוי לני שש׳ … קלותוכ׳ woe unto us to whom the Scripture accounts light offenses alike with severe crimes; Yalk. Mal. 589. Mekh. Yithro, s. 8 חביב … שש׳ כבורןוכ׳ the honoring of father and mother is precious before God, for he put their honor and the fear of them on a level with his own honor ; (Kidd.30b השוה); a. e. 2) (denom. of שֶׁקֶל) to offer the head-tax (half a Shekel). Shek. I, 4 כל כהן ששוקלוכ׳ a priest that pays the head-tax. Ib. 6 השוקל על ידיוכ׳ if one pays the head-tax for a priest, a woman, or a minor, he is exempt (from paying agio). Ned.IV, 2 (33a) שוקל (לו) את שקלו may pay the head-tax for him; a. fr.In gen. to pay taxes. Tosef.Dem.VI, 3; 4; T. ib. VI, end, 26a, v. אוֹצָר.Part. pass. שָׁקוּל; f. שְׁקוּלָה; pl. שְׁקוּלִים, שְׁקוּלִין; שְׁקוּלוֹת even-balanced, of equal importance. Snh.3b, a. fr. אין בית דין ש׳ a court must never be even-balanced, i. e. not be of even numbers, opp. נוטה; v. בַּיִת. Num. R. s. 188> (ref. to Ps. 99:6) שמואל שש׳ כנגדוכ׳ Samuel who is balanced against Moses and Aaron together; Ber.31b (ref. to 1 Sam. 1:11, זרע אנשים) זרע שש׳ כנגד שני אנשיםוכ׳ a seed (son) that will hold the balance against two men Ib. 33a מזכירין … שש׳ כתחייתוכ׳ we insert ‘the power of rain (v. גְּבוּרָה) in the section about resurrection, because it is equal to resurrection. B. Kam.3a ש׳ הןוכ׳ they (the two kinds of damages) are even-balanced (you cannot decide between the two), let both be included; Zeb.4b; Naz.58b ש׳ הוא the balance is even; Arakh.4b. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. XVII, Par. 14; Yalk. Lev. 462 (ref. to Lev. 3:4) הדבר ש׳ יטולוכ׳ it may be understood either way, be should take that part of the midriff which is by the liver, or a portion of the liver with the midriff ; a. fr. Hif. הִשְׁקִיל to weigh, ponder, estimate. Gen. R. s. 59 (ref. to Hos. 12:8) that is Eliezer, שהיה יושב ומַשְׁקִיל את בתווכ׳ for he sat and pondered on his daughter: is she or is she not worthy?; Yalk. Hos. 528 ומְשַׁקֵּל (Pi.).

שָׁקַל(b. h.; Shaf. of קל) 1) ( to swing, to weigh, balance. Gen. R. s. 4 הכנס ורחוץ ושְׁקוֹלוכ׳ go in and bathe, and weigh thyself before and after ; כיון שיצא וש׳וכ׳ when he came out and weighed himself, he had lost nothing. B. Bath. V, 11 היה שוֹקֵל לוֹ עין בעין if he gave him exact weight, v. עַיִן. Ib. 89a לא יאמר לו שקול … אלא שוקל ליטראוכ׳ he cannot say to him, weigh me three single fourths of a litra, but he weighs (puts in the balance) one litra, and puts one-fourth of a litra with the meat; a. fr.Trnsf. to weigh, consider, account. Koh. R. to XII, 14 עבד שרבו שוקלוכ׳ a slave to whom his master accounts errors as wilful offenses; Ḥag.5a. Ib. (ref. to Mal. 3:5) אוי לני שש׳ … קלותוכ׳ woe unto us to whom the Scripture accounts light offenses alike with severe crimes; Yalk. Mal. 589. Mekh. Yithro, s. 8 חביב … שש׳ כבורןוכ׳ the honoring of father and mother is precious before God, for he put their honor and the fear of them on a level with his own honor ; (Kidd.30b השוה); a. e. 2) (denom. of שֶׁקֶל) to offer the head-tax (half a Shekel). Shek. I, 4 כל כהן ששוקלוכ׳ a priest that pays the head-tax. Ib. 6 השוקל על ידיוכ׳ if one pays the head-tax for a priest, a woman, or a minor, he is exempt (from paying agio). Ned.IV, 2 (33a) שוקל (לו) את שקלו may pay the head-tax for him; a. fr.In gen. to pay taxes. Tosef.Dem.VI, 3; 4; T. ib. VI, end, 26a, v. אוֹצָר.Part. pass. שָׁקוּל; f. שְׁקוּלָה; pl. שְׁקוּלִים, שְׁקוּלִין; שְׁקוּלוֹת even-balanced, of equal importance. Snh.3b, a. fr. אין בית דין ש׳ a court must never be even-balanced, i. e. not be of even numbers, opp. נוטה; v. בַּיִת. Num. R. s. 188> (ref. to Ps. 99:6) שמואל שש׳ כנגדוכ׳ Samuel who is balanced against Moses and Aaron together; Ber.31b (ref. to 1 Sam. 1:11, זרע אנשים) זרע שש׳ כנגד שני אנשיםוכ׳ a seed (son) that will hold the balance against two men Ib. 33a מזכירין … שש׳ כתחייתוכ׳ we insert ‘the power of rain (v. גְּבוּרָה) in the section about resurrection, because it is equal to resurrection. B. Kam.3a ש׳ הןוכ׳ they (the two kinds of damages) are even-balanced (you cannot decide between the two), let both be included; Zeb.4b; Naz.58b ש׳ הוא the balance is even; Arakh.4b. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. XVII, Par. 14; Yalk. Lev. 462 (ref. to Lev. 3:4) הדבר ש׳ יטולוכ׳ it may be understood either way, be should take that part of the midriff which is by the liver, or a portion of the liver with the midriff ; a. fr. Hif. הִשְׁקִיל to weigh, ponder, estimate. Gen. R. s. 59 (ref. to Hos. 12:8) that is Eliezer, שהיה יושב ומַשְׁקִיל את בתווכ׳ for he sat and pondered on his daughter: is she or is she not worthy?; Yalk. Hos. 528 ומְשַׁקֵּל (Pi.).

פָּסַל(b. h.) 1) to cut, chip, hew, trim. Tanḥ. ʿEḳeb 9 (ref. to Koh. 3:5) עת היה לִפְסוֹל שניוכ׳ the time came to hew other two tablets (in place of the broken). Ib. מתחת כסא הכבוד פְּסָלָן he hewed them from under the throne of glory. Ab. Zar.52a (ref. to Deut. 7:25) משפְּסָלוֹ נעשה אלוה as soon as a gentile has done chiselling on it, it becomes a deity (an idol forbidden to Jews for any use); ib. פסלו לאלוה לאוכ׳ when the gentile has hewed it for a god, thou shalt not covet it; פסלו מאלוה ולקחת לך when he chips it so as to unfit it as an idol (v. infra), thou mayest take it unto thyself; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסוּל; f. פְּסוּלָה; pl. פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹת a) chiselled, chipped. Lev. R. s. 22 אבנים פ׳ chipped stones (unfit for the altar); a. e.b) (cmp. פָּגַם) defective, unfit, disqualified, v. פָּסוּל. 2) (denom. of פָּסוּל) to disqualify, to be the cause of disqualification of; to declare unfit. Ḥull.III, 12 פּוֹסְלִין, v. כָּשֵׁר I. Ab. Zar. l. c. מניין לנכרי שפּוֹסֵל אלוהו how will you prove that a gentile can cancel his deity (by disfiguring it)? Kidd.70a אוי לו לפוסל את זרעו ולפוגםוכ׳ woe to him who causes his descendants to be disqualified and his family to be tarnished. Ib. כל הפוסל פסול he who tarnishes (casts suspicion on the purity of a family) is himself tarnished (of spurious descent); במומו פוסל he charges others with his own defect. Ex. R. s. 1 החזירתו … ופ׳ את כלן she (Pharaohs daughter) took him (the infant Moses) around to all Egyptian women to give him suck, but he rejected all of them (refused to take their breasts); ולמה פְסָלָן and why did he reject them? Snh.III, 1 זה פוֹסֵל דיינו של זהוכ׳ each has a right to reject the judge chosen by the other; אם היו כשרים … אינו יכול לפוֹסְלָן if they are fit (not legally disqualified) or authorized, he cannot reject them. Ib. זה פוסל עדיווכ׳ every witness in a case may help by his testimony to disqualify the opposing partys witnesses. R. Hash. I, 7 קבלו … ופָסְלוּוכ׳ they accepted as witnesses himself and his son, and rejected his slave. Mikv. II, 4 פּוֹסְלִין את המקוה are sufficient to make the pond unfit for ritual immersion. Ib. VII, 5 לא פְסָלוּהוּ they do not make the blood unfit. Zeb.I, 4 המחשבה פוֹסֶלֶת the improper intention makes the sacrifice unfit. Succ.II, 7, a. e. בית שמאי פוסלין the school of Sh. declares such a Succah to be ritually unfit; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cancel, abrogate. B. Kam.97a פְּסָלַתּוּ מלכות the government cancelled the coin; פסלתו מדינה the inhabitants of the district refused to pass it.Gen. R. s. 30, beg. כל מקום שנאמר אלה פ׳ את הראשוניםוכ׳ wherever the Biblical text has ‘these, it is meant to cancel (exclude) the preceding; wherever it has ‘and these, it is to add to the preceding; Ex. R. s. 1 אלה תולדות … פ׳וכ׳ ‘these are the origins of heaven and earth (Gen. 2:4), this excludes the time of chaos; a. fr. Nif. נִפִסַל 1) to be hewn, sculptured. Sifra Kdosh. beg. פסל על שהם נִפְסָלִין idols are named pesel, because they are sculptured; (Yalk. Lev. 604 פסולין). 2) to be disqualified, made unfit, declared unfit. Zeb.I, 4 הזבח נ׳ ארבעהוכ׳ a sacrifice may become unfit by improper actions in four stages, at the slaughtering Pes.15b; 45b הפת … ונִפְסְלָה מלאכול if bread becomes mouldy and unfit for man to eat. Toh. VIII, 6 עד שיִפָּסֵל מאוכל הכלב until it becomes unfit for a dog to eat; Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a top עד שתִּפְסוֹל. Men.100a, v. פְּסוֹל. Num. R. s. 6 end לא היו נִפְסָלִים אלא בקול they (the Levites) became unfit for service only when they lost their voice for song. B. Kam.IX, 2 נִפְסְלָה מעל גבי המזבח became unfit for the altar; a. fr.Trnsf. to be cancelled, abrogated. B. Kam. l. c. (גזל) מטבע ונ׳ if one stole a coin, and it was invalidated (before he made the restitution). Snh.104b (expl. סִלָּה, Lam. 1:15) כאדם שאומר לחברו נפסלה מטבע זו as one says to his neighbor, this coin is worthless; v. סָלָא; a. e. Pi. פִּיסֵּל to cut off dry twigs, to trim. Shebi. II, 3 מְפַסְּלִין עדוכ׳ (in the ante-Sabbatical year) you may trim trees up to New Year, v. פִּיסּוּל. Mikv. IX, 7 מְפַסְּלי אילנות trimmers of trees. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a top; a. e.Yalk. Deut. 942 מְפַסְּלוֹ במעצד he chips it (the crooked staff) with the adze; Sifré ib. 308 מפתלו (corr. acc.). Hif. הִפְסִיל to find fault, to speak contemptuously. Koh. R. to XI, 9 שהיה מַפְסִיל בנשיםוכ׳ who used to find fault with women (considering none good enough for him as wife), and was a profligate.(Part. pass. מוּפְסָל, v. next w.

פָּסַל(b. h.) 1) to cut, chip, hew, trim. Tanḥ. ʿEḳeb 9 (ref. to Koh. 3:5) עת היה לִפְסוֹל שניוכ׳ the time came to hew other two tablets (in place of the broken). Ib. מתחת כסא הכבוד פְּסָלָן he hewed them from under the throne of glory. Ab. Zar.52a (ref. to Deut. 7:25) משפְּסָלוֹ נעשה אלוה as soon as a gentile has done chiselling on it, it becomes a deity (an idol forbidden to Jews for any use); ib. פסלו לאלוה לאוכ׳ when the gentile has hewed it for a god, thou shalt not covet it; פסלו מאלוה ולקחת לך when he chips it so as to unfit it as an idol (v. infra), thou mayest take it unto thyself; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסוּל; f. פְּסוּלָה; pl. פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹת a) chiselled, chipped. Lev. R. s. 22 אבנים פ׳ chipped stones (unfit for the altar); a. e.b) (cmp. פָּגַם) defective, unfit, disqualified, v. פָּסוּל. 2) (denom. of פָּסוּל) to disqualify, to be the cause of disqualification of; to declare unfit. Ḥull.III, 12 פּוֹסְלִין, v. כָּשֵׁר I. Ab. Zar. l. c. מניין לנכרי שפּוֹסֵל אלוהו how will you prove that a gentile can cancel his deity (by disfiguring it)? Kidd.70a אוי לו לפוסל את זרעו ולפוגםוכ׳ woe to him who causes his descendants to be disqualified and his family to be tarnished. Ib. כל הפוסל פסול he who tarnishes (casts suspicion on the purity of a family) is himself tarnished (of spurious descent); במומו פוסל he charges others with his own defect. Ex. R. s. 1 החזירתו … ופ׳ את כלן she (Pharaohs daughter) took him (the infant Moses) around to all Egyptian women to give him suck, but he rejected all of them (refused to take their breasts); ולמה פְסָלָן and why did he reject them? Snh.III, 1 זה פוֹסֵל דיינו של זהוכ׳ each has a right to reject the judge chosen by the other; אם היו כשרים … אינו יכול לפוֹסְלָן if they are fit (not legally disqualified) or authorized, he cannot reject them. Ib. זה פוסל עדיווכ׳ every witness in a case may help by his testimony to disqualify the opposing partys witnesses. R. Hash. I, 7 קבלו … ופָסְלוּוכ׳ they accepted as witnesses himself and his son, and rejected his slave. Mikv. II, 4 פּוֹסְלִין את המקוה are sufficient to make the pond unfit for ritual immersion. Ib. VII, 5 לא פְסָלוּהוּ they do not make the blood unfit. Zeb.I, 4 המחשבה פוֹסֶלֶת the improper intention makes the sacrifice unfit. Succ.II, 7, a. e. בית שמאי פוסלין the school of Sh. declares such a Succah to be ritually unfit; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cancel, abrogate. B. Kam.97a פְּסָלַתּוּ מלכות the government cancelled the coin; פסלתו מדינה the inhabitants of the district refused to pass it.Gen. R. s. 30, beg. כל מקום שנאמר אלה פ׳ את הראשוניםוכ׳ wherever the Biblical text has ‘these, it is meant to cancel (exclude) the preceding; wherever it has ‘and these, it is to add to the preceding; Ex. R. s. 1 אלה תולדות … פ׳וכ׳ ‘these are the origins of heaven and earth (Gen. 2:4), this excludes the time of chaos; a. fr. Nif. נִפִסַל 1) to be hewn, sculptured. Sifra Kdosh. beg. פסל על שהם נִפְסָלִין idols are named pesel, because they are sculptured; (Yalk. Lev. 604 פסולין). 2) to be disqualified, made unfit, declared unfit. Zeb.I, 4 הזבח נ׳ ארבעהוכ׳ a sacrifice may become unfit by improper actions in four stages, at the slaughtering Pes.15b; 45b הפת … ונִפְסְלָה מלאכול if bread becomes mouldy and unfit for man to eat. Toh. VIII, 6 עד שיִפָּסֵל מאוכל הכלב until it becomes unfit for a dog to eat; Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a top עד שתִּפְסוֹל. Men.100a, v. פְּסוֹל. Num. R. s. 6 end לא היו נִפְסָלִים אלא בקול they (the Levites) became unfit for service only when they lost their voice for song. B. Kam.IX, 2 נִפְסְלָה מעל גבי המזבח became unfit for the altar; a. fr.Trnsf. to be cancelled, abrogated. B. Kam. l. c. (גזל) מטבע ונ׳ if one stole a coin, and it was invalidated (before he made the restitution). Snh.104b (expl. סִלָּה, Lam. 1:15) כאדם שאומר לחברו נפסלה מטבע זו as one says to his neighbor, this coin is worthless; v. סָלָא; a. e. Pi. פִּיסֵּל to cut off dry twigs, to trim. Shebi. II, 3 מְפַסְּלִין עדוכ׳ (in the ante-Sabbatical year) you may trim trees up to New Year, v. פִּיסּוּל. Mikv. IX, 7 מְפַסְּלי אילנות trimmers of trees. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a top; a. e.Yalk. Deut. 942 מְפַסְּלוֹ במעצד he chips it (the crooked staff) with the adze; Sifré ib. 308 מפתלו (corr. acc.). Hif. הִפְסִיל to find fault, to speak contemptuously. Koh. R. to XI, 9 שהיה מַפְסִיל בנשיםוכ׳ who used to find fault with women (considering none good enough for him as wife), and was a profligate.(Part. pass. מוּפְסָל, v. next w.